Essay about Changing the Culture at British Airways

Changing the Culture at British Airways Changing the Culture at British Airways The British Airways case study was a very interesting case to read. It proves that not all people can be leaders, especially the chairman, board and chief executives of British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC.) According to the case study of British Airways, the life at the â€Å"old† British Airways was â€Å"bloody awful† (Changing the Culture of British Airways, 1990, p. 1). There definitely was a crisis happening in that airline. They didn’t seem to have a cohesive culture and it seemed as if they continued down this path they would no longer have a business either. British Airways had this divide between BEA and BOAC.†¦show more content†¦3) And another mindset was, â€Å"If you’re providing service at no cost to the taxpayer, then you’re doing quite well† (Changing the Culture of British Airways, 1990, p. 3). If you had to compare this philosophy to Kotter’s book, The Heart of Change, this company was in huge trouble. There was definitely no leadership—just really greedy chairman, in my opinion. There was definitely no sense of urgency and such a lack of vision. The unfortunate this was it still remained the same even when reorganization occurred in 1976, by Sir Frank McFadzean. According to the study, divisional loyalties prevented the carrier from attaining a common focus (Changing the Culture of British Airways, 1990, pp. 3-4). It was not until February 1981, where things began to look up for British Airways. It was when Sir John King became chairman. Sir King made radial steps by reducing staff significantly, freezing pay increases, closing several airline routes, online stations, and engineering bases. In addition, halting cargo-only services, and selling the fleet, and inflicting massive cuts upon offices, administrative services and staff clubs (Changing the Culture of British Airways, 1990, p. 4). Although you would think this would have caused a lot of fear and negativity with employees—my impression of what I read, Sir King alleviated this byShow MoreRelatedChanging the Culture at British Airways Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesChanging the Culture at British Airways Question #1 Life at â€Å"old† British Airways lacked a unifying corporate culture. The 1971 merger of British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), by the British Airways Board, only succeeded in putting an umbrella over two separate mature entities. The focus of the BEA had been to build a European airline infrastructure. BOAS was an innovator and pioneered the first jet passenger service. Neither company was concerned withRead MoreChanging the Culture at British Airways Essay956 Words   |  4 Pages1. What was life like at old British Airways? †¢ Employees were embarrassed to mention they worked for the company. †¢ British Airways stumbled into its 1979 state of inefficiency in large part because of its history and culture. †¢ British Airways faced the worst crisis in its history in the late 1970’s early 1980’s. †¢ Unless they took immediate action they were heading for a loss of at least  £100 million within that present financial year. †¢ They faced the potential that by that followingRead MoreChanging the Culture at British Airways Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesChanging the Culture at British Airways 1. Problems you identified from the case Macro: The first problem changing the culture at British Airways was the merger of the BOAC and BEA. In 1971, the Civil Aviation Act became law and the board was to control policy over British Airways but both BOAC and BEA remained autonomous, each with its own chairman, board, and chief executive. This caused a split within British Airways throughout the 1970s and in the mid-1980. The second problem BA faced wasRead MoreBritish Airlines Change 647 Words   |  3 Pages British Airways have been the symbol of the United Kingdom and its airlines for many years. They are the largest airline in the UK and have the largest amount of international flights and destinations. British Airways was formed in 1974 after four UK airlines, BEA, BOAC, Northeast Airlines, and Newcastle, were dissolved. The airline aimed at being a worldwide network and achieving economies of scale. This joining of four different organizations caused the airlines to have over 50,000 staffRead MoreThe Case Of British Airways841 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion Board # 1 Johan Rivera Liberty University British Airways (BA) is a company that encountered several difficulties back in the 1970’s and 1980’s. The poor performances of the organization, was leading the company to failure. BA was offering a service that even though it accomplished the mission of the company, was not providing customer satisfaction. The organization was not taking into consideration the needs of the costumer and was not providing an acceptable customer service experienceRead MoreBritish Airways Case Study1363 Words   |  6 Pagesre-energize a mature organization, and change corporate culture provide the basis for analyzing British Airways’ (BA) transformation and the difficulties encountered in making an organizational change. Identification of critical factors leading to British Airways successful transformation as well as steps, sequence, and risks taken to transform the organization and personal assessment is provided for this case study. Connection of British Airways case to re-energizing the mature organization How wasRead MoreBritish Airways Case Study1409 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization, and change corporate culture, provide the basis for analyzing British Airways’ (BA) transformation and the challenges encountered in making an organizational change. Identification of critical factors leading to their successful transformation as well as the steps, sequence, and risks taken to transform the organization and personal assessment of what could have been done differently is provided in this case study. Connection of British Airways case to re-energizing the mature organizationRead MoreDialogue As A Form Of Communication1073 Words   |  5 Pages (William Isaacs, past director, MIT’s Dialogue Project) The work dialogue stems from the Greek roots ‘dia’ and ‘logos’ which means â€Å"through meaning†. Dialogue serve as a great part in bringing a drastic change in the organisational culture of the companies on my levels. David Bohm s (1996) popular book, On Dialogue, defines dialogue as a form of communication from which something new emerges; participants must evidence a relaxed, non-judgmental curiosity, with the aim of seeing thingsRead MoreCross Cultural Perspectives Of Culture Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesCross-Cultural Perspectives-900 words Culture refers to the values, rules, norms and behaviour as well as their products that govern the lifestyles of an individual or group. Cultural rules and behaviour are inherited from past generations, may be learned from others and are transmitted to other generation. Additionally, they embody the symbols and systems through which communication, attitudes and knowledge about life takes place. The set a certain group of people apart from others because the manifestationRead MoreThe Historical View of Privatization and Nationalization in America1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthe central social institution. The meaning is the government own business but increase function of the private more than before or sale at least fifty percentage of the shares to private sector (Drucker, 1969). So the purpose of privatization is changing the business to the better ways for reduce the problem of the government, bring more benefit to the people in their countries and be received services in the reason able price. Privatization has many levels to develop organization or enterprise.

Alzheimer s Disease The Most Known And Common Form Of...

Alzheimer’s is a disease that affects a lot of older people. It not only affects the person but their families, friends, and any loved ones. The disease makes them forget almost everything they have experienced in their life. The memories they have of anything can be almost nil and they will not act like themselves anymore. This disease is a hard disease for someone’s family members to cope with because the person they once knew, is all but gone. In this paper I will be explaining the definition of the Alzheimer’s disease, what comes of the disease, and what treatment options there are. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of severe dementia that causes problems with memory, cognitive ability, the way you think, and the way the person acts.†¦show more content†¦Once the person starts sun-downing they usually become very difficult and hard to manage and can be hard to keep safe. Contrary to belief dementia and Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of aging and getting old. It is a disease that affects a lot of the older population and a large majority are un-diagnosed. There is no known cause or action during life that can cause it, except for getting older and aging Except age isn’t always a factor in this disease. There is early onset Alzheimer’s that can affect someone when they are in their 40’s or 50’s. The brain starts to deteriorate and pretty much destroy itself. They lose the ability to retain memories, speak, and respond to the environment around them. What causes this disease? There is no actual mapped out cause of this disease. It can be congenital and most of the time it is a sudden onset. There are a lot of signs that can let people know that they are starting down that path. A lot of times the actual person doesn’t know its happening though, it usually takes a family member, spouse, or friend to point it out because they see the change first-hand. The disease progresses by the continuous deterioration of the brain tissue. The damaging of the brain tissue breaks down critical centers of the brain that control daily activities. This disease causes memory loss and cannot be regained or new ones be made. It causes them to be a different person and act differently that they would have

Alzheimer s Disease The Most Known And Common Form Of...

Alzheimer’s is a disease that affects a lot of older people. It not only affects the person but their families, friends, and any loved ones. The disease makes them forget almost everything they have experienced in their life. The memories they have of anything can be almost nil and they will not act like themselves anymore. This disease is a hard disease for someone’s family members to cope with because the person they once knew, is all but gone. In this paper I will be explaining the definition of the Alzheimer’s disease, what comes of the disease, and what treatment options there are. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of severe dementia that causes problems with memory, cognitive ability, the way you think, and the way the person acts.†¦show more content†¦Once the person starts sun-downing they usually become very difficult and hard to manage and can be hard to keep safe. Contrary to belief dementia and Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of aging and getting old. It is a disease that affects a lot of the older population and a large majority are un-diagnosed. There is no known cause or action during life that can cause it, except for getting older and aging Except age isn’t always a factor in this disease. There is early onset Alzheimer’s that can affect someone when they are in their 40’s or 50’s. The brain starts to deteriorate and pretty much destroy itself. They lose the ability to retain memories, speak, and respond to the environment around them. What causes this disease? There is no actual mapped out cause of this disease. It can be congenital and most of the time it is a sudden onset. There are a lot of signs that can let people know that they are starting down that path. A lot of times the actual person doesn’t know its happening though, it usually takes a family member, spouse, or friend to point it out because they see the change first-hand. The disease progresses by the continuous deterioration of the brain tissue. The damaging of the brain tissue breaks down critical centers of the brain that control daily activities. This disease causes memory loss and cannot be regained or new ones be made. It causes them to be a different person and act differently that they would have

Alzheimer s Disease The Most Known And Common Form Of...

Alzheimer’s is a disease that affects a lot of older people. It not only affects the person but their families, friends, and any loved ones. The disease makes them forget almost everything they have experienced in their life. The memories they have of anything can be almost nil and they will not act like themselves anymore. This disease is a hard disease for someone’s family members to cope with because the person they once knew, is all but gone. In this paper I will be explaining the definition of the Alzheimer’s disease, what comes of the disease, and what treatment options there are. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of severe dementia that causes problems with memory, cognitive ability, the way you think, and the way the person acts.†¦show more content†¦Once the person starts sun-downing they usually become very difficult and hard to manage and can be hard to keep safe. Contrary to belief dementia and Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of aging and getting old. It is a disease that affects a lot of the older population and a large majority are un-diagnosed. There is no known cause or action during life that can cause it, except for getting older and aging Except age isn’t always a factor in this disease. There is early onset Alzheimer’s that can affect someone when they are in their 40’s or 50’s. The brain starts to deteriorate and pretty much destroy itself. They lose the ability to retain memories, speak, and respond to the environment around them. What causes this disease? There is no actual mapped out cause of this disease. It can be congenital and most of the time it is a sudden onset. There are a lot of signs that can let people know that they are starting down that path. A lot of times the actual person doesn’t know its happening though, it usually takes a family member, spouse, or friend to point it out because they see the change first-hand. The disease progresses by the continuous deterioration of the brain tissue. The damaging of the brain tissue breaks down critical centers of the brain that control daily activities. This disease causes memory loss and cannot be regained or new ones be made. It causes them to be a different person and act differently that they would have

Buying Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples

Buying Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples A Startling Fact about Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples Uncovered Writing essay is something which is quite familiar for every one of us back when we are still schooling. If you fret about your essay skills, you can enhance your writing for the essay component of the test. Everything demands essay writing. Essay writing comes in various forms. Learn all the ideas you need to understand as a way to ace TOEFL Writing! One of the most difficult sections to prep for on the TOEFL may be the essay. It may also be helpful to review other TOEFL writing samples to receive a better idea about what a terrific TOEFL essay appears like. A descriptive essay conclusions should supply the reader with a mental picture of a particular matter. You will have to read the essay and decide on the correction from the answer choices provided. For instance, if you're writing an essay on How Global Warming can be decreased, it is going to be an excellent idea which you take a minute to define what global warming is about in your introductory paragraph. The Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples Stories An excellent essay needs to be focused to answer the specific question that's being asked on the exam. Mind mapping makes it far more probable you will construct a logical argument. The new Next Generation test is in an entirely diff erent format than the timeless variant of the test. The Lost Secret of Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples When you sit down to compose an essay, it's important to see that your essay is going to have considerable influence on your score which means you should offer your best for it. It's not unlikely your essay could be judged entirely by the debut, or conclusion, which is an equally important area of the essay. The essay provides you with an opportunity to reveal how effectively it is possible to read and comprehend a passage and compose an essay analyzing the passage. Some essays need thorough research and appropriate citation. The Most Popular Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples 1 area which uses marketing greatly in the service industry involved with essay writing, essay writing companies need excellent marketing and advertising strategies to advertise their services to internet customers. Anyone reviewing the procedure for marketing essays is probably to encounter the advertising mix which is composed of the famous 4 P's which comprise the mix that constitutes the procedure for marketing essays. Hence, if you believe banking essays are boring just like your company studies are, then you're probably wrong here. Banking essays can be real fun to play with if you've got an exhaustive understanding about the discipline and have keen interest in writing, so should you think that you cannot write decent banking essays than again you're erroneous. Finding the Best Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples You see, the conventions of English essays are somewhat more formulaic than you may think and, in a variety of ways, it can be as easy as counting to five. The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks in addition to how they'll be scored. It is also critical for students as soon as it comes to English Language examinations. You may use the ornamental languag e or keep the casual tone based on the requirement of the context. In the majority of instances, you want to develop a topic that will make it possible for other people to realize your perspective, and telling them to feel that what you write is true. Then you'll compose an essay in which you develop your own standpoint on the problem. When you plan your essay and jot down the points you're likely to go over in your draft, you are going to have lot of points to discuss. Let's say that you're writing an essay on The important causes of Road Accidents in your City, it's obvious you're going to develop a couple points. The 5-Minute Rule for Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples Make certain you're writing the conclusion within a paragraph of about a few lines based on the term count prescribed by your college or university. Bear in mind that financial status isn't enough for you to be chosen as a scholar. Your title is quite important, and you have to pay close atte ntion to it. When you have finished with your composition, it's extremely important you take an instant and read over what you have written. You should first ascertain the reason behind your essay, before you may write persuasive content about it. A few of the essays ask that you describe what's happening and a number of them are about why it's happening. You ought to make sure you're very interested in the topic before you may persuade others about it. Write about something you care about and even when you are assigned a particular topic for an essay, pick a view or aspect of that topic which you like and would delight in writing about. What Accuplacer next Generation Writing Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not Some folks are reluctant to buy organic food only because they believe that it spoils too quickly. Consumption of the contaminated fruit may lead to serious food poisoning or even death in the event the produce isn't washed correctly. In an issue of speaking, pic king out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you need to convey to the rest of earth. Essay writing is a difficult business whenever you are at college. Writing an essay is an exercise that the writer should shell out a whole lot of time doing research in order to collect relevant details. The essay provides you with a chance to reveal how effectively you are able to develop and express your ideas in writing. A very good descriptive essay comes out of a knowledgeable and imaginative mind.

Effects of Dam Building Essay Example For Students

Effects of Dam Building Essay Grade 10 GeographyUnits 12, 13, 14 Essay Effects of Dam Building Many people have already dammed a small stream using sticks and mud bythetime they become adults. Humans have used dams since early civilization,because four-thousand years ago they became aware that floods and droughtsaffected their well-being and so they began to build dams to protectthemselvesfrom these effects.1 The basic principles of dams still apply today as theydidbefore; a dam must prevent water from being passed. Since then, people havebeen continuing to build and perfect these structures, not knowing the fullintensity of their side effects. The hindering effects of dams on humansandtheir environment heavily outweigh the beneficial ones. The paragraphsbelowwill prove that the construction and presence of dams always has and willcontinue to leave devastating effects on the environment around them. Firstly, to understand the thesis people must know what dams are. A damis abarrier built across a water course to hold back or control water flow. Damsare classified as either storage, diversion or detention. As you couldprobablynotice from its name, storage dams are created to collect or hold waterforperiods of time when there is a surplus supply. The water is then used whenthere is a lack of supply. For example many small dams impound water in thespring, for use in the summer dry months. Storage dams also supply a watersupply, or an improved habitat for fish and wildlife; they may store waterforhydroelectricity as well. A diversion dam is a generation of a commonly constructed dam which isbuiltto provide sufficient water pressure for pushing water into ditches, canalsorother systems. These dams, which are normally shorter than storage dams areused for irrigation developments and for diversion the of water from astreamto a reservoir. Diversion dams are mainly built to lessen the effects offloodsand to trap sediment. Overflow dams are designed to carry water which flow over thier crests,because of this they must be made of materials which do not erode. Non-overflowdams are built not to be overtopped, and they may include earth or rock intheir body. Often, two types of these dams are combined to form a compositestructure consisting of for example an overflow concrete gravity dam, thewaterthat overflows into dikes of earthfill construction. A dams primary function is to trap water for irrigation. Dams help todecrease the severity of droughts, increase agricultural production, andcreatenew lands for agricultural use. Farmland, however, has its price; riverbottomlands flooded, defacing the fertility of the soil. This agriculturallandmay also result in a loss of natural artifacts. Recently in Tasmania wherehasbeen pressure from the government to abandon the Franklin project whichwouldconsume up to 530 sq miles of land listed on the UN World Heritageregister. Inthe land losses whole communties must leave everything and start againelsewhere. The Jamess Bay Hydroelectric project, hailed to be one of the mostambitious North American undertaking of dams was another example of thelandsthat may be lost. The 12.7 billion scheme was to generate 3 160 megawattsofelectricity a day, this power output would be enough to serve a city of700,000! One of the largest problems with this dam, is that it would bebuilton a region that meant a lot to 10 500 Cree and 7 000 Inuit. Lands thattheirancestors have hunted and lived on for more than 5 000 years will befloodedalong with 90% of their trapping lines.6 If this happened these people mustresettle, find a new way of life and face the destruction of a piece oftheirheritage if this project is approved. .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 , .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .postImageUrl , .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 , .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:hover , .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:visited , .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:active { border:0!important; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:active , .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46 .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6be047eeac421cce0577048bdba5d46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay On Telemachos Essay When a dam is being constructed, the river where it is supposed to bebuilton must be drained. This kills much of the life and disrupts the ecosystemandpeaceful being of all the aquatic and terrestrial animals around it. Atfisheries there is a large impact on the fish. The famous Columbia Riversawits stock of salmon drop considerably after the dams were built, althoughthere were fish ladders built. The salmon were unable to swim upstream whenitwas time for breeding as they usually did. But perhaps it is the plans for the Amazon Basin in Brazil that shows ushowlarge the side-effects can be. In the city Surinam, in northern Brazil,LakeBrokopondo was created in 1864 swamping about 580 square miles of virginrainforest. Foul smelling gas called hydrogen sulfide was produced as thetreesdecomposed. The turbine casings were attacked by the acidic water and Thedecayof water allowed a chance for hyacinths to float on the surface. This didnotallow the light to shine through to the water onto the plants which thefishfeeded on. The plants were unable to perform photosynthesis, and the fishdiedalso because there was a lack of food. In the lack of sun the waterweedsgrewand threaten to create diseases such as malaria, where the whole lakesecosystem would die out.8 Many little animals and plants which were neverdiscoved and may have had high economic value were to be lost forever. There remains a problem with reservoirs which to date hasnt been solvedyet. A reservoir is a to store water, mainly for hydroelectric power orirrigation. Nearly 10 000 caribou drowned while crossing the inflatedCaniapiscau River in September 1984, because of these reserviors. The heavyrainfall created enough water to overtop the structure and caused extraamounts of spillages in the reservoir. The water flooded the river whilethecaribou were literally submerged.9 The Colarado River, known as the most litigated, controlled andlesgislatedriver in the world. People who used to raft there now say it is very insafebecause of the fluctuating surges of water meant to accomodate when thepeopleuse most energy. What was fresh water is now being converted to salty waterbecause of these reservoirs. The water standing in the reservoir evaporateswhen not used and the rest of the water becomes more salty.10 There is another theory that dams are causing earthquakes, when theselargestructures are pla ced with the mass of the unnatural weight of the lakenearit, this disrupts the Earths surface and is a new precaution where beforeitwas never heard of. Many people say that dams protect people from naturaldisasters, but there are some which it can intensify. For instance if anEarthquake happens then, along with cracks in the ground, buildingsfalling,there would also be a flood and large pieces of the broken dam to copewith.11 Dams are harming the environment that people live in. What was beinghailedas great accomplishments are now showing signs of great consquence. Thepreservation of our environment is the key to the preservation of people. Wecannot exchange money for the deterioration of our own animals, plants andland. The is the environmental age and humans must respond by changingtheirways and looking at the long-term prospect instead of the short-term. Untilweas the users and protectors of the land can do this, future of our greathumancivilization will continue to look grim.

Title Of Paper Tobacco And Western Culture Essays - Smoking

Title of Paper : Tobacco and Western Culture Grade Received on Report : 89 Essay 1: Tobacco and Western Culture The use of tobacco dates back to the 17th century. The primary reason for its beginning was purely economic at first. It later became apparent to researchers over the decades that tobacco was more than just a commodity to be traded for economic gain. It was actually a drug, nicotine, which developed into physical dependency and had adverse side effects as people began to live longer. Further research at the social level, revealed its social impact on the western culture. It didn't take long before early traders began to realize the economic benefits of trading tobacco as a primary cash crop. Its known influences were completely overlooked to maintain the desired income and trade benefits. In western culture, early settlers, saw tobacco as a primary source of support for the family. It was entirely possible to grow tobacco and live a very good lifestyle. During the early years, tobacco was not seen as a bad thing. Instead, it was actually a way of life. As time passed, govermental agencies also began to see the economic benefits produced by the tobacco industry. Taxing the crop became very lucrative and later resulted in subsidizing the farmers as needed to maintain taxation levels. The advent of production cigarrettes soon opened doors for manufacturers which hadn't existed before. A cheap and easy method of providing tobacco users a manageable product soon led to widespread use in the western world. This attitude soon began to chang! e, however, as researchers began publishing reports on the ill effects of smoking and tobacco use. Tobacco lost a lot of its social influence when people began to understand its physical effects. Tobacco use was linked with birth defects in pregnant women. Lung cancer was directly linked to smoking in 1950 by the Cancer Control Department in the New York State Health department. It became very clear that the past opposition to smoking and tobacco use was substantiated. It had also become clear that smokers were in a group alone from the rest of society. Just as other groups grew and shrank with the times, so would the smokers. Nicotine had been discovered to be the dependency factor in tobacco and soon ranked a classification with other social drugs like alcohol and caffeine. Its use was seen to be just as severe as these and warranted just as much focus in the social arena. This didn't stop people from using tobacco. The reasons for tobacco use had already become more complex than just physically damaging. Tobacco use had grown to be a social instrument. It can be easily proven that people smoke for different reasons. Stress is now a large part of society and nictotine tends to reduce the stress factor. There have also been reports of the soothing effects nicotine provides during times of prolonged strain on the brain. This is typically due to long hours of reading or studying. The ability of nicotine to soothe the mind allows the brain more concentration and thus the individual is able to more easily comprehend the task at hand. Despite the good and bad effects of tobacco use, it still continues today and I feel that it will be some time before smoking is completely removed from society. Actually, it's not half bad considering the alternatives of the 21st century. Consider pulling up in your car next to someone at a stop light smoking a cigarette and think about seeing someone smoking marijuana. Which would you prefer? Essay 2: Birth Control The main reason to limit the population in a given society is to insure that a balance between the resources available and the number of people is not exceeded. It is fundamental to the survival of a given society that everyone has enough food, housing, and work to maintain certain social standards. This has been done in many ways throughout the centuries. Birth control methods range from religious belief to medical fact to social superstition. In all cases the limiting of newborn has effectively kept people out of anarchy. In looking at the history of birth control, it is easy to imagine why the population must be regulated. Even today